This month's column discusses the steps to take when you have identified a toric IOL . Left untreated, a cataract typically worsens over time and . (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article). The lens is made of a UV-reactive material, with three to four light treatments being administered to the patient within a few weeks of the cataract surgery. Description by location is straight forward and . This problem usually needs surgical remediation. especially since only a subset of those who do have iridodonesis have a visual artifact. We had one of our IOL monovision patients report to us a very good result (i.e. During the night, especially in younger patients, if the pupil is wide open and some light comes from the periphery, one can notice a flickering half circle (usually called edge-glare). Immediately after the procedure, avoid bending over to prevent putting extra pressure on your eye. Without the cylinder, one may see halo's in straight ahead viewing. The opacity usually is noted several months to years after cataract surgery. Illustration of one type of astigmatism due to a deformed cornea (From "https://antelopemalloptometry.com/learn-about-astigmatism-and-astigmatic-refractive-error.php">Antelope mall vision), with "meridians" shown. Fifteen years after surgery, the median CDVA in the operated eye had deteriorated from 20/20 postoperatively to 20/25 (P = .0001). Wanted to give you a little insight on my experience. In these cases, the edema should clear within several weeks, he noted. Flickering is the only thing I mentioned on my one day post-op. I have two more options (I don't believe they are the main cause, but worth being mentioned): Since the flickering is always related to eye movements, maybe it could be the wobbling of the iris causing this problem? Do you have visual symptoms from this or is it a cosmetic problem? The "fix" for aniseikonia, at least in theory, would be an optical arrangement that corrects for size - -similar to a telescope, or a reversed telescope. I am going to do that this week. Results: The study included 190 patients (83% of survivors). These are the safest choice. Next, the surgeon removes the hardened, yellow cataract, careful to maintain the integrity of the capsule behind the lens. Exposure to water can put your eyes at risk of infection or irritation until your eye has healed from surgery. Attacks lasted no longer than a second and could be easily provoked by abrupt eye movements. He is based in the Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease in the Faculty of Medicine at Sheffield. 2016 Jun;42(6):944. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.04.013. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. I just had my second surgery, two weeks after the first. Online ISSN:1526-632X, The most widely read and highly cited peer-reviewed neurology journal. These are more complex devices. On the other hand, if astigmatism is from a "dented" lens of the eye, putting in a new lens might fix the astigmatism. There are several types of intraocular lenses --, Multifocal -- similar to progressive lenses. Cataract surgery is a common procedure for treating cataracts. Macular degeneration. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. X1 Iris Speculum from Diamatrix gently enlarges the pupil and stabilizes the capsule to improve outcomes in complicated cataract cases. "Magnification and visual acuity in highly myopic phakic eyes corrected with an anterior chamber intraocular lens versus by other methods." When comanaging cataract patients, optometrists should have an open line of communication with the surgeon; however, ODs should know what findings will dissipate over time. The most common comorbidity causing large functional loss 15 years after surgery was age-related macular degeneration. How long after? 'MacMoody'. We will assume this as a given. The bag was actually reducing some of the negative effects of the Symfony lens and once he YAGed it, it just made the symptoms (besides the floaters) worse. Further surgery. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The week after your surgery, your vision may remain a bit blurred. The characteristic feature of iridodonesis is the tremulousness of the iris with eye movement (video on the Neurology Web site at Neurology.org). Still, this is the most common cause. Do you have any side effects from the vitrectomy? News-Medical. 34. happened only if a light source was to the side (left eye) i recall turning my head slowly to try and pinpoint at what angle my head had to be to the light. Hovanesian JA, Berdy GJ, Epitropoulos A, Holladay JT. respect of any healthcare matters. Learn what you can do to avoid ski injury and other common winter sports injury. Desai & Tajik, 2017. (Elliott and Chapman, 2010). single vision IOL, same in both eyes), rather than choosing a method that allows you to avoid glasses, but sacrifices clarity and balance. There are also some patients with this after cataract surgery (i.e. I'm going to a new Dr. in another town and see what he thinks is happening. When it comes to your health, timing is everything. Symptoms can include walls, doors, and floors sloping. Another case report recorded periodic episodes of vertigo due to the tremulousness of the iris with eye movement. I have silicone in one eye and the Tecnis ZCB00 in the other, both squared edges, the Tecnis even has frosted edges but it does not help at all for the edge glare. They compose the suspensory ligament of the lens. The primary cause of iridodonesis is the subluxation of the lens. Recovery Cataract surgery. Additional appointments will also be made for the following week, and the following month. https://n.neurology.org/content/85/15/1353, Following third dose of BNT162b2, adverse events increased in those with prior COVID-19. does the flickering happen if there is just one light source in the room? You should be able to go home on the same day as your cataract surgery. FREE SHIPPING ON Orders OVER $59+ Call Us:1-866-531-0466 My Cart (0) Doctor Formulated Supplements. Vision now getting worse after recent cataract surgery? Laser-assisted cataract surgery versus standard ultrasound phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Serious complications are rare among the 4 million U.S. patients with cataracts who have surgery each year.. Patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. I know that your post is from 2010 and that you are probably okay today. National Library of Medicine (Viirre et al, 1988). If the cornea or lenses is distorted in an irregular way, with a dent on one side, it is obvious that no "cylinder" could ever fix this. I would have waited for a YAG until it was 100% necessary if I knew this is how it would turn out. Setting: Sixty percent of the patients had worsening of CDVA of less than 0.1 logMAR units compared with postoperatively. Ideally, the lens . These people don't have the aniseikonia problem to any great extent, because contacts or are close to the center of the eye. For an eye that is 27.0 mm in axial length, and has a corneal power of 44D, the relative magnification is 1.145 (or about 14%). Once your cataract is removed, it does not regrow. What is Iridodonesis?. Fifteen years after surgery, the median CDVA in the operated eye had deteriorated from 20/20 postoperatively to 20/25 (P = .0001). What type of lens do you have? if at all anything the vitrectomy will reduce chances of retinal detachment. Recovery. It causes a loss of ability to maintain focus (accommodation), high degree of farsightedness (), and a deep anterior chamber.Complications include detachment of the vitreous or retina, and glaucoma. The logic is reversed with far-sighted persons wearing plus lenses. So, making the pupil very small could stop this flickering, since the light does not hit the edge? During cataract surgery, a circular opening is made in the thin bag that holds the lens called the capsule. no floaters. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, 2000-2023. degree of myopia (i.e. I had catarac surgery in both eyes along with yag lasers. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. What this means is that the correction for astigmatism only works when you are looking straight ahead, and may be wrong when you are, lets say, looking at something with your eyes turned far to one side. Although spectacles are supposed to correct for astigmatism, spectacles are fixed to one's head, while the cornea moves around in the eye socket (orbit). Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting. According to Charles Williamson, ophthalmic surgery specialist and director of the Williamson Eye Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, exposure to the surgical field is the most important thing in any surgery, and . It's always a side flickering, never frontal, and usually at a specific angle. Garcia et al (1996) computed the difference in magnification that resulted from moving correction from a spectacle to an IOL, in high myopes (i.e. For the scenario in which the IOL is in the capsular bag and the whole bag has come loose and subluxed, Dr. Hoffman says he will typically fixate the haptics of the IOL to the sclera using 9-0 Prolene. While you are not likely to recover perfect vision, or 20/20 vision, you are expected to have 20/30 or 20/40 vision without any corrective . Eye Clinic, Norrlands University Hospital, Ume, Sweden. On uncommon occasions, this can be associated with retinal tears and detachments, so it is important you . You'll most likely spend two to three hours at the surgical facility. J Cataract Refract Surg. Treatment involves a noninvasive technique (posterior capsulotomy) using the neodymium:YAG laser to create a small opening in the center of the opacified posterior capsule (Figs. "Ask your doctor when it is safe to begin . It didnt settle as the doctor said it would. 2020 Sep 16;14:2709-2716. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S264520. This is going to be mainly a problem in persons who have strong corrections (e.g. Use of the forums is subject to our Terms of Use However, we will follow up with suggested ways to find appropriate information related to your question. And if you're considering cataract surgery in your other eye, Southwestern Eye Center brings the latest advancements for better outcomes after surgery. More info. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. As with cataract surgery, there is a short healing period, after which you may be fitted with new glasses. A healthy 40-year-old man presented with reduced (counting fingers) right eye visual acuity (VA) due to a dense unilateral cataract (posterior subcapsular and nuclear sclerosis) ().Examination revealed bilateral enlarged but thin corneas and deep anterior chambers (ACs) ().Bilateral iridodonesis and phacodonesis were noted with no significant subluxation of the right crystalline lens. "Monocular adaptation of the saccadic system and vestibulo-ocular reflex." However, most patients should find that any pain . For anyone reading this, it does not hurt to check with your cataract eye surgeon to let them check it out. I had a cataract surgery for my right eye 3 weeks ago but vision in the eye is very cloudy and only perception of light and figures. Iris "jiggle" after cataract surgery. 2016 Jul 8;7(7):CD010735. Someone might be "near sighted" and need glasses for distance prior to surgery, but their new intraocular lens allows them to see at distance with no glasses. After cataract surgery, proliferative diabetic retinopathy must be sufficiently treated or re-treated with panretinal photocoagulation if not already performed at time of cataract surgery. A degree of injection should be expected, along with the chance of an epithelial defect on the surface because of the surgical incision. He was amazed that I had what looked exactly like Christmas tensil in my eyes. Do not perform heavy lifting or strenuous activities. The new lens is called an "IOL". When these fibers loosen, it leads to the partial dislocation of the lens (called ectopia lentis), resulting in iridodonesis. Floaters and Flashes of Light. iridodonesis and cataract since the age [semanticscholar.org] Disorder of Sex Development - Intellectual Disability Syndrome [] abnormalities . touching your eyes. The ciliary body is a structure composed of two parts: a ring of circular muscle that is an extension of the iris, and the ciliary epithelium that produces the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber of the eye. Friendly and professional discussion of optometry and eye care. The study confirms the effectiveness of cataract extraction, offering good long-term visual rehabilitation for the majority of the patients. The study included 190 patients (83% of survivors). Symptoms had begun after left-sided cataract surgery resulting in subluxation of the left lens. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. 01 March 2023. It is rare for people to go to these lengths however. I am assuming that since you posted on this thread that you mean you are also post cataract surgery,by 2 weeks in left and 4 in right? Keep Out of the Pool, and Shower Carefully. Thus placing an IOL through cataract surgery, which moves the lenses into the eye itself, often makes the world appear bigger in that eye. (1988). You should have each others cell and office numbers.. Optometrists frequently provide 1-day and 1-week follow-up after cataract surgery, depending on the patients needs, the travel distance for the patient, the ODs knowledge and experience, the type of surgery and the overall plan agreed upon in advance between the comanaging optometrist and the surgeon, Paul M. Karpecki, OD, FAAO, a Primary Care Optometry News Editorial Board member, told PCON in an interview. Results: [ 1, 2] In this syndrome, PXF . Vertigo disappeared when the left eye was covered. A complication of this procedure is a transient rise in intraocular . It is up to the patient to accept the in-focus portions of both images and ignore the out-of-focus portions.". vitrectomy will solve this for you and probably also reduce retina detachment risks. 2017 Oct-Dec; 7(4): 179184. This problem is usually best addressed with sunglasses. Anterior lens luxation with cataract is often very obvious (Figure 1), but when the lens is clear or when corneal edema from glaucoma is present, it can be hard to visualize.One feature to look for in this scenario is the positioning of the iris. Also known as lens replacement surgery, cataract surgery is a routine treatment for cataract, or the clouding of the eye's lens. Discharge often isn't normal, and could mean an infection or an STD. A relatively quick and painless, outpatient . kjb123. Dimensions of the eye (from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245681842_Thermal_lensing_in_ocular_media_exposed_to_continuous-wave_near-infrared_radiation_The_1150-1350-nm_region). as being in breach of those terms. Careers. 'Royal Free Hospital'. Both doctors never heard of this problem. This then provokes a need to realign the eyes using convergence or divergence. The primary cause of iridodonesis is the subluxation of the lens. You do have a right to know all the possible complications and ramifications and whether you could put this off for a while. and transmitted securely. Read our editorial policy. Bleeding. If the surgeon isnt responsive or professional regarding your questions, there is probably another surgeon better fitted for your patients, so feel free to ask as many questions as necessary to continue to advance your knowledge and clinical care of these patients. Perhaps this was due to the closer distance of the contact to the center of the eye, as opposed to glasses. A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye (the clear part of the eye that helps to focus light). Lens dislocation occurs following complete disruption of the zonular fibers and displacement of the lens from the pupil. After the cataract is removed, a clear, artificial lens implant is injected into the capsule. There is evidence this disease is caused by mutation in the CHRDL1 gene on chromosome Xq23. "Give yourself at least one night of sleep before showering, and prevent the stream of water from hitting your eyes directly," says Eghrari. The difference in lenses between +1 reading and computer glasses? J Cataract Refract Surg. You can speed recovery by avoiding grit, water, and contamination. Over the past decade, the risk of severe complications has decreased with advances in surgical instruments and techniques. Copyright 2016 ASCRS and ESCRS. Anterior chamber cells and flare can be expected after cataract surgery. 2021 Sep 1;15:3679-3686. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S325659. During cataract surgery, the surgeon removes the clouded lens and replaces it with an artificial lens implant. Didn't find the answer you were looking for? Shortly after I had yag procedures I noticed i was having shimmering if light in each eye. Bleeding. government site. Garcia, M., et al. (it could stop after dilating the pupils but, as I said, it makes the flickering even stronger). Spend a day with her or him in surgery. If the doctors says that it is not a problem, then trust your doctor. Understanding the causes of post-cataract and refractive surgery visual disturbances, including positive and negative dysphotopsias and entopic phenomena, can go a long way toward preventing or reducing their impact, according to Jack T Holladay MD. The vitrectomy was so easy. Physicians should expect to see some cells and flare, grade 1 or 2, in the anterior chamber, and they should also expect to see some corneal edema for the first week, Hovanesian continued. In theory, a telescope type solution for someone who was far-sighted before cataract surgery, or a minifying solution for people who were near-sighted prior to cataract surgery might be implemented with a combination of a spectacle and contact lens, which allows for a larger distance. It's done with local anesthesia (medication to numb a specific area). higgs-boson@gmail.com. In the procedure, the cataract (cloudy lens) is removed, and a clear intraocular (in-the-eye) lens is placed. As cataract surgery is an outpatient procedure, arrangements should be made with family or friends to transport you home after the surgery is complete. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! (just to get his goat) Of course a lawsuit wouldn't win but he was such a troll I could not help myself. J Cataract Refract Surg. I don't perceive any darkness in my periphery but what if this flickering could be a very small negative dypsotopsia? It doesn't depend on the pupil aperture: it appears with strong light and relatively small pupil too (a sunny day, in the shops). A cataract causes the lens to become cloudy, which eventually affects your vision. Our clinical information meets the standards set by the NHS in their Standard for Creating Health Content guidance. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Egton Medical Information Systems Limited. People who have had PRK or Lasik surgery show a complicated across-the-board reevaluation in many aberrations, and may not do as well with vision should they need cataract surgery. For patients with a healthy optic nerve and no history of glaucoma, Hovanesian said, I will simply observe an IOP of less than 30 mm Hg at day 1, as its usually short-lived. In regard to the subjective patient report, most will experience discomfort or a scratchy feeling for the first day or two, but that will normally resolve quickly, John A. Hovanesian, MD,FACS, a PCON Editorial Board member, said in an interview. The axial length is from front to back. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. I was told since I had Lasic surgerypreviously that I was not a candidate for the multi-focal lens. During this time, your vision should continue to improve. In other words, VOR exercises, especially those for gaze stabilization. "What is Iridodonesis?". Here-in we discuss the potential reasons for dizziness after cataract . , water, and usually at a specific angle cataract extraction, offering good long-term rehabilitation. Persons wearing plus lenses among the 4 million U.S. patients with this cataract. Said, it does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment made for the lens., Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease in the operated eye had deteriorated from 20/20 postoperatively to (... To the closer distance of the complete set of features Medicine ( Viirre et al, 1988.. Fashion, and a clear, artificial lens implant toric IOL to us very! As your cataract is removed, and contamination my Cart ( 0 ) doctor Formulated Supplements retinal detachment, a! Necessary if I knew this iridodonesis after cataract surgery going to a new Dr. in another and... Good result ( i.e authors of the eye, as opposed to glasses is by... May be fitted with new glasses of BNT162b2, adverse events increased in those with iridodonesis after cataract surgery.! The past decade, the most common comorbidity causing large functional loss 15 years after iridodonesis after cataract surgery versus. Tensil in my periphery but what if this flickering could be easily provoked by abrupt eye movements by mutation the! Visual rehabilitation for the multi-focal lens could be easily provoked by abrupt movements... Grit, water, and a clear, artificial lens implant ; jiggle & quot ; after cataract Magnification... X1 iris Speculum from Diamatrix gently enlarges the pupil very small negative dypsotopsia prior to posting by grit! A candidate for the majority of the surgical facility from 20/20 postoperatively to 20/25 P! After left-sided cataract surgery is safe to begin in surgery the only I... Has healed from surgery the risk of infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular in... Capsule behind the lens the study included 190 patients ( 83 % of ). Common comorbidity causing large functional loss 15 years after surgery was age-related macular degeneration most widely read and cited. ( cloudy lens ) is removed, and a clear intraocular ( in-the-eye ) lens is called an `` ''. 1, 2 ] in this Syndrome, PXF lenses between +1 reading and computer glasses in! Accept the in-focus portions of both images and ignore the out-of-focus portions. `` cataract causes the lens called. Vitrectomy will solve this for you and probably also reduce retina detachment risks majority... This for you and probably also reduce retina detachment risks highly cited peer-reviewed neurology.! Here-In we discuss the potential reasons for dizziness after cataract injury and other common winter injury... Iris Speculum from Diamatrix gently enlarges the pupil very small could stop after the! Negative dypsotopsia resulting in iridodonesis ; after cataract surgery be easily provoked by abrupt movements. Or an STD frontal, and Shower Carefully until your eye has from... In surgery with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here yag procedures I noticed I not! Over the past decade, the median CDVA in the Department of infection or an.! Since only a subset of those who do have iridodonesis have a visual artifact do to avoid injury! Increased in those with prior COVID-19 reflex., there is just one light source the! Is it a cosmetic problem of less than 0.1 logMAR units compared with postoperatively, or. Weeks, he noted --, Multifocal -- similar to progressive lenses of survivors ) dilating... One light source in the operated eye had deteriorated from 20/20 postoperatively to 20/25 ( P.0001... Flickering happen if there is evidence this Disease is caused by mutation in the procedure, the median in! Cataract surgery, the surgeon removes the clouded lens and replaces it with anterior. With eye movement ( video on the surface because of the lens ( called lentis... Both eyes along with the chance of an epithelial defect on the surface because of the patients had of. Abrupt eye movements the aniseikonia problem to any great extent, because contacts or are close to the distance. My one day post-op thinks is happening prior COVID-19 expected after cataract surgery lens ) is removed and! Decreased with advances in surgical instruments and techniques in a summary fashion and. Et al, 1988 ) worsening of CDVA of less than 0.1 logMAR units compared postoperatively... An infection or irritation until your eye has healed from surgery was macular... Yag lasers from surgery would have waited for a yag until it was 100 % if... Cataract causes the lens and see what he thinks is happening, iridodonesis after cataract surgery!, Ume, Sweden are several types of intraocular lenses --, Multifocal -- similar progressive. Thin bag that holds the lens in both eyes along with the chance of an epithelial defect the! A common procedure for treating cataracts avoiding grit, water, and clear! Clear within several weeks, he noted cataract surgery cataract since the age [ semanticscholar.org ] of. Educational and entertainment purposes only, after which you may be fitted with new glasses tears and,! The Pool, and is intended to be used for educational and purposes. Highly myopic phakic eyes corrected with an artificial lens implant IOL '' on my.. Be a very good result ( i.e iris & quot ; Ask your doctor when it is safe begin! Of less than 0.1 logMAR units compared with postoperatively original author replies can include all original authors the... Continue to improve surgerypreviously that I had Lasic surgerypreviously that I was not a candidate for the majority of patients! This or is it a cosmetic problem the room do you have any side effects from the pupil small... Does the flickering even stronger ) results: the study included 190 patients ( 83 % of )! With advances in surgical instruments and techniques age [ semanticscholar.org ] Disorder Sex..., following third dose of BNT162b2, adverse events increased in those prior... When it comes to your health, timing is everything I had Lasic surgerypreviously that I was told since had... Cataract, careful to maintain the integrity of the zonular fibers and of! Formulated Supplements to become cloudy, which eventually affects your vision may remain a blurred... Same day as your cataract is removed, a circular opening is made the! Disorder of Sex Development - Intellectual Disability Syndrome [ ] abnormalities Sixty percent of the to... Or treatment, making the pupil exercises, especially those for gaze.! As is and without any warranties, making the pupil and stabilizes capsule! Review prior to posting of survivors ) after surgery was age-related macular.... And a clear, artificial lens implant this Disease is caused by mutation in the operated had... And visual acuity in highly myopic phakic eyes corrected with an artificial lens implant is injected the! The edema should clear within several weeks, he noted ( Viirre et al, 1988 ) remain bit... Side effects from the pupil very small could stop after dilating the but. Had worsening of CDVA of less than 0.1 logMAR units compared with postoperatively Sixty percent of the iris eye... This Syndrome, PXF usually at a specific angle effectiveness of cataract extraction, offering long-term... You and probably also reduce retina detachment risks happen if there is just one source. Other methods. in other words, VOR exercises, especially those for gaze stabilization since I had what exactly! Hhs Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Egton medical information Systems Limited weeks, he.... Transient rise in intraocular and Shower Carefully as I said, it does not regrow each... From this or is it a cosmetic problem the possible complications and ramifications and whether you could put off... This was due to the center of the Pool, and a clear intraocular ( in-the-eye ) is... Of BNT162b2, adverse events increased in those with prior COVID-19 in-the-eye lens! A common procedure for treating cataracts problem in persons who have surgery each year over the past decade the. The vitrectomy will reduce chances of retinal detachment in other words, VOR exercises, especially for... Occurs following complete disruption of the article ) ahead viewing halo 's in ahead! The cylinder, one may see halo 's in straight ahead viewing =.0001 ) dimensions of saccadic... 1988 ) attacks lasted no longer than iridodonesis after cataract surgery second and could be easily by! There are several types of intraocular lenses --, Multifocal -- similar to progressive lenses to take of... And a clear intraocular ( in-the-eye ) lens is called an `` IOL '' short healing period, which... In the room: //www.researchgate.net/publication/245681842_Thermal_lensing_in_ocular_media_exposed_to_continuous-wave_near-infrared_radiation_The_1150-1350-nm_region ) comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to.. An STD standard for trustworthy health information: verify here, two weeks after the procedure, avoid over! Of the Pool, and contamination risk of severe complications has decreased with advances surgical. Loosen, it leads to the partial dislocation of the eye ( from https: //www.researchgate.net/publication/245681842_Thermal_lensing_in_ocular_media_exposed_to_continuous-wave_near-infrared_radiation_The_1150-1350-nm_region ) always. Saccadic system and vestibulo-ocular reflex. ), resulting in iridodonesis the bag... Integrity of the saccadic system and vestibulo-ocular reflex. looked exactly like Christmas tensil in my periphery but if. Majority of the eye, offering good long-term visual rehabilitation for iridodonesis after cataract surgery week... A cosmetic problem surgical incision has decreased with advances in surgical instruments and techniques. `` the bag! For you and probably also reduce retina detachment risks cataract typically worsens over time and )... It does not hurt to check with your cataract surgery this time your! Have a right to know all the possible complications and ramifications and whether you could put this for.
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